My trusty old Butternut vertical gets a new lease of life

It's been sitting at the end of the garden for years, stored behind the shed. My trusty (and admittedly dirty) old Butternut HF6V vertical antenna is back in the air. I re-erected it last week, but found signals on the bands quite attenuated compared with my nested inverted vees.

What followed was a patient game of "adjust, test, adjust, test, adjust more, test more..." as I tried to bring the antenna into resonance on the six bands where it is designed to operate.

Given that the SWR was high (at least 5:1 on most bands), a quick read of the 28-page manual for the antenna (yes, I RTFM'd!) revealed that when SWR is reading high across the bands, this is likely to be because of a problem with the feeder.

The Butternut is fed with a quarter-wave section of 75 ohm coax which is used as a "geometric mean transformer" to match the approximate 100 ohms of feedpoint impedance on the 20 metre band to a 50 ohm main transmission line.

I suspected that there was an issue with the 75 ohm coax, and particularly where it connects with the Butternut. Yesterday, I disconnected the coax from the Butternut and fed it into the shack, where I was able to cut a couple of centimetres off and begin to reveal the core and braid so that I could re-attach the coax to the antenna.

The coax is difficult to work with because it's very stiff, and the core is solid. I soldered a short length (approx 10cm) of insulated electrical earth wire to the braid and taped it up using insulating tape. I also cleaned the connecting screws on the antenna and replaced the washers with new ones.

When I re-attached the coax, the antenna was sounding "louder" (less attenuated than before), but quick tests at the radio and with an analyser revealed the SWR was still high across the board.

What followed today was an exercise in patience and meticulous adjustments. The Butternut HF6V has three L/C assemblies - one for 80 metres, one for 40m and one for 30m. Upon making adjustments to the 80m coil, I was able to get resonance on that band. In fact, I was really thrilled to get the SWR all the way down to 1.0:1 at the bottom end of 80 - just above 3.5Mhz, where I love trying to work DX on CW.

By old Butternut HF6V is back in the air.

A great start, but some time and patience was needed for 40m, where lots of adjustments of the coil were needed to eventually get the SWR to a respectable 1.2:1 at the top of the band and 1.9:1 on the CW portion. I can certainly live with that! The Butternut will give me an advantage on the low bands because it offers a lower angle of radiation than the inverted vees, which in truth are not high enough at the apex, being just 10 metres at the feed point.

The 30 metre band proved extremely finicky. Very small adjustments of the 30m coil on the Butternut HF6V can shift the lowest SWR frequency by 100Khz! After making something like a dozen or fifteen changes, I eventually settled for an SWR of about 2.2:1 on 10Mhz - realising that that was much better than the 5:1 I had been seeing after just very minor movements of the coil.

For now, the SWR on 20 metres is high. It is reading a 5:1 or slightly higher across the entire band. Not ideal obviously. I did try to change the position of the coil support tube 30 meter L bracket where it attaches to the 40 metre coil, as instructed by the manual, but was unable to see a lower SWR. I will have to think about my strategy for 20m resonance. Should I replace the 75 ohm transformer coax? Or tinker with the 30m L bracket some more? I am afraid to do too much because I have a good SWR on 80m and 40m, where I really want it.

On 15 metres, with no further adjustments the antenna presented an SWR of 2:1 at 21.005Mhz and 1.5:1 at 21.345Mhz, which is nice. The Butternut HF6V does not resonate on 17 metres. On 12 metres, it has an SWR of 1.4:1 across the band, while on 10 metres it had "acceptable" SWR values varying only very slightly from 28.000Mhz to 28.500Mhz from 2.2:1 to 2.3:1.

In all honesty though, if you quickly glanced at my Butternut, you would wonder how the thing radiates at all. It came into my possession just after I got licenced in the winter of 2009. My very good friend and mentor, Tony EI4DIB (now sadly silent key), had acquired it - I think from a ham in GI/Northern Ireland - and had it stored in his back garden. I reckon it had spent a number of years in what might be termed "outdoor storage". It was filthy, covered with grime and dirt, and had long ago lost its sheen.

However, when Tony and I installed it at my QTH back in 2009, it did work. It radiated. I'm not sure how effectively, but I was able to make QSOs. In January 2010, using just 100 watts, I made my first ever QSO with Australia using the Butternut, although admittedly I had to wait until the pile-up dissipated and there was nobody else calling before I could be heard. That station was VI2AJ2010, a special event station for the 22nd Australian Scouts 2010 Jamboree in Appin, New South Wales.

The Butternut was my main HF antenna for a while, before I acquired an MA5B minibeam, and later a hexbeam. I cannot remember when I took it down, but it might be as long as 10 years ago or more. I wondered if it would ever see use again. Thankfully, it is radiating RF as I write this, on 15 metres FT8, and is actually showing an SWR of 1.4:1 on 21.074Mhz.

Last week, when I re-erected it, I noticed that an aluminium strip which was part of the 40 metre L/C circuit was missing. Thankfully, I have some Butternut HF6V "spare parts" (which again I have Tony to thank for, because he spotted them in a box at a radio rally and I got them for next to nothing), and was able to solder a new nut on to the 40m capacitor, drill a hole into a spare aluminium strip and bolt it on.

That was certainly a bit of what might be termed "homebrewing" or improvisation, but it works.

I look forward to testing the Butternut as soon as possible on 80 metres. That band has been very fruitful this summer, giving me four or five new DXCC in recent weeks, mostly on FT8. When I was studying for my ham licence, and even for several years after getting licenced, it was commonly held that 80 metres should be avoided during the summer because it's a nighttime band and the DX was only there in the winter. However, at this latitude (53 degrees north), in midsummer we have an extended grey line, which offers lots of opportunity for DX contacts. 

Some of those new DXCCs on 80 were Angola, Paraguay and Singapore, and on one evening in the past week I worked THREE stations in Western Australia on 3.573Mhz using FT8. It will be interesting to see, using a combination of CW and FT8, and watching the Reverse Beacon Network and PSK Reporter, how the Butternut performs compared with the dipoles.

The global reach of a small ham radio station

I don't care what anybody says. FT8 is a wonderful mode for those with modest antenna systems. Again I looked at PSKreporter.info and again I find that the pursuit of DX stations has been fruitful with relatively low power (generally 20 to 50 watts) and wire and vertical antennas.

They say a picture paints a thousand words. Above is a map from PSKreporter showing where my FT8 signal has been decoded around the world in the last 24 hours. I am impressed. Now I do love a CW QSO, and I am also fond of phone/SSB contacts, but FT8 is convenient, quiet and you can be running QSOs while doing other things in the shack.

Most of the action today was on 17 metres, using my Antron 99 vertical antenna and 40 to 50 watts output. The best of the DX there were several JA stations who answered my CQ, a HS (Thailand) station, A65DR in the UAE, and two VU (India) stations along with a clatter of callers from the USA.

Just to demonstrate that I do not spend my whole time on the air using FT8, I did have a couple of CW QSOs. One, with Hans DL8MCG near Munich, was recorded on my smartphone. You can view the entire QSO on YouTube here:

In this video, I was running 100 watts from the radio.

By the way, I should finish by saying that I was not decoded in Australia today. In fact, it's been a while since my last QSO with VK, so I am looking forward to hearing the VK (or indeed ZL / New Zealand) call coming through at some point, hopefully soon.

PS: I have been uploading my log to Logbook of the World every two to three days. I was delighted to see that a contact I made with a station in China (BG0CAB) late last night was confirmed this morning.

The trusty Antron 99 is a much-underestimated antenna

My Antron 99 is a wonder. It's a simple vertical, designed to operate on the citizens band, but has effective performance on the 17 metres, 12 metres and 10 metres amateur bands. I have used it for years for the higher bands, often as an alternative to the hexbeam. It has worked wonders for me. On 28 Mhz, when the sunspot numbers were really good, I worked DXCC and much more in about six weeks during the solar peak. Many of those contacts were made using the Antron.

The reach of my signal today on FT8 using between 15 watts and 75 watts and the Antron.

It is a half wave over quarter wave variable mutual transductance tuned antenna and is rated for 2,000 watts (I assume that's PEP). It doesn't claim to be anything special, and I have heard several hams saying that it isn't, and that by virtue of its design it shouldn't be anything special. But it works, and works well.

I have recently been enjoying using the Antron for some FT8 activity on 17 metres. A couple of days ago, while calling CQ with just 20 watts, I was answered by two Japanese (JA) stations and successfully logged them. Today, I decided to increase the power a bit and was delighted to see the great reach of my humble station. My signal has been decoded as far east as Japan and as far west as California. Not bad for a CB antenna!

Video: patience pays off and Brazilian special event call logged

I was listening to a Brazilian special event station, ZZ80PR, on 40 metres tonight. After the crazy European pile-up had died down, I noticed that he was a bit stronger on my Butternut vertical than on my 40m inverted v dipole. So I decided to sit tight and give him a call . . .

VHF beams taken down . . . Antron 99 back in the air!

My Antron 99 back in the air, and the 4 metre dipole.

Rooftop selfie . . .
EI4DIB and EI2KC

Today the precariously positioned VHF beams were finally taken down. Tony EI4DIB helped me to remove them from the broken stub. We decided there and then that they would not be going back up today. The rotator appears to be shot and the stub pole had broken in the storms. The XY 2m beam has not had much use, while the 3-element 6 metre beam is only used during the summer E season. I decided to put back up my Antron 99, which I find to be a fantastic antenna on the high bands, most particularly 12 metres and 10 metres. In the meantime, I can think of a plan for the VHF beams. The only VHF antenna that we did put back up was my 4 metre dipole, which you can see offset from the pole supporting the Antron in the photo.

Below you can see a video of a contact I made with J38XX in Grenada. I was using 100 watts from the Icom 746 (a lovely radio) into the Antron on 28 Mhz CW. I later worked a number of North American stations on SSB and had a bit of fun.

Just this morning (Monday 10th Feb), I worked HS0ZBS on 10m CW with the Antron. Fine business!

Amsterdam Island FT5ZM update: I now have a total of ten band slots with Amsterdam. I was delighted to get them on 40m CW last night at 00:40. I also got 17 cw today, so now have them worked on all bands from 40 through 10. Is it too much to wonder about a QSO on 80 metres at this late stage?

I finished my latest HF Happenings column today and have sent it off to the editor of Echo Ireland magazine. 

CQWW CQ - the story so far

Just a brief update about my participation on CQWW CW 2012. I am only taking part on 80 metres, with a view to increasing my DXCC worked/confirmed on that band. I am in the category 80m single op high power. I did search and pounce from midnight on Saturday morning for about two hours, and then a mixture of run station and search and pounce last night, on and off from about 5pm in the evening until 3.30am this morning.

My old Butternut, which is over 20 years old, was a bit grubby
so I cleaned around the capacitor assembly in advance of the
contest and it's working brilliantly.

At this moment in time, my totals are as follows (bearing in mind that I intend to return to the contest after dark this evening): QSOs: 329; Zones worked: 15; DXCC worked: 61. Total claimed score so far: 36,100.

The band is completely dead now. There's not a single signal to be heard on CW. That's how it was yesterday too, allowing me some time to do a bit of maintenance on the antenna. It is nicely resonant now, 1:1 where I need it, and I was able to get 1.2kW out yesterday with the Acom 1000 with only 1 watt returned!!

Some nice DXCC worked: P40F, PJ4A, HK1NA, J75Z, ZF1A, P40W, VP2V/AA7V, C5A, D4C. I may or may not enter a log. I didn't intend to enter the contest in a competitive capacity, rather just for enjoyment, and to get my DXCC count up on 80 metres. So we will see . . .

Starting to get back to normal maybe?

After a prolonged period dealing with all the issues around the publication of my second book, I have started to become a wee bit more active again on HF. During the past week I have been catching up with the PT0S Dxpedition to St. Peter & Paul Rocks in the Atlantic, and I'm glad to say that I now have nine band slots, making me the third best EI behind EI9KC on 11 slots and EI2CN on 10 slots. I still need 15m SSB and 10m CW so hopefully I will get those slots before the expedition finishes.

A photo of my old Butternut HF-6V

Last night I put some RF into the Butternut vertical on 80 metres for only the second or third time since last winter. I also added a 66-foot radial under it (last year's two radials were both damaged by the lawn mower HI HI!!) and managed to get an SWR of 1.5:1 on the CW portion of the band. And that's where I caught some nice action in the early hours of this morning.

In the space of about an hour, after midnight, I managed to nab FOUR new DXCCs on the 80 metre band. They were, as follows: VP2V/AA7V, British Virgin Islands; P4/R5GA, Aruba; PJ2/DF9LJ, Curacao; HT9H, Nicaragua (regular prefix YN). Because the Butternut is only a 26-foot tall vertical, ground mounted in the middle of a housing estate, it does not hear half as well as an elevated dipole cut for that band. Hence it is difficult for me to work new DXCCs on it. So it turned out to be a really great night, bringing my total DXCC worked on 80 metres to 118. It's a band I would dearly love to do more on, and to enjoy more regularly, but it is a big challenge for me. Last winter was very rewarding because I got over the 100 DXCC mark for the first time. This winter I will just try to nab more new ones, and try to bring my LoTW confirmations on 80m from 89 up over 100 hopefully.

I have one issue with the Butternut that is troubling me though. After a while, the SWR suddenly jumps from 1.5:1 to about 3:1, and I have to adjust the linear. Then it will, after some time, come back to 1.5:1 again. At least 3:1 is manageable with the Acom 1000 but it's annoying me that the SWR is changing during the course of the night. If there's anybody with any suggestions as to why that might be happening, or indeed with any experience of Butternut SWR issues, I'd be glad to hear from you.

In the meantime, I got some nice contacts this morning, including Lord Howe Island again, this time on 17m CW. VK9/OH3JR was just in the back of the box, and working simplex, so there was considerable QRM. But I heard him calling "EI2?" and got him logged after a minute. PJ7I on 12m SSB was a new band slot and C6AUM in the Bahamas on 10m CW just a short time ago gave me DXCC #210 on that band. Here's my band stats now:

BAND/WORKED/CONFIRMED
160m: 64 / 47
80m: 118/94
40m: 177/130
30m: 188/127
20m: 239/169
17m: 237/149
15m: 224/130
12m: 214/133
10m: 210/134
6m: 72/53

Improvised home brew insulator for my Butternut HF-6V vertical

A number of days ago while operating CW on the 15 metres (21 Mhz) band using 400 watts I turned to look out the window while operating and noticed white arcing sparks coming from a point up the antenna. There was some smoke too. I turned down the power but it was still happening. After stopping transmission I noticed the part of the antenna that was affected was an insulator and I could see from the shack that it was almost burnt out!

The burnt out insulator from the Butternut

So I stopped using the antenna immediately. The Butternut is an important part of the setup here, and a vital antenna in working the world. I planned to take it down and examine it as quickly as possible to see what the damage was.

A couple of evenings later I set to work. I decided to take the antenna apart at a point about six feet off the ground. This prevented me having to disconnect coax and all the stay wires (which are made of strong fishing line). I brought the top part of the antenna down to ground and, sure enough, I could see the insulator was almost melted away in parts.

The new insulator in situ

A few months ago I was gifted a couple of pieces of uPVC that had been cut off a chopping board. You know, one of those things that people chop vegetables and fruit on in the kitchen! Yes, this is where domestic culinary implements meet the hobby of amateur radio. When we say "home brew" in this hobby, we really mean it. If it's made from the right material, it might just end up as part of an antenna! I had been given these bits by Pat EI2HX, with the express purpose of making insulators for antennas if the need ever arose. So thank you Pat!

I set to work cutting away a piece, using a hacksaw, that would  be the same length and width as the burnt out insulator. Needless to say it was thicker, but when I finished with the saw I had a shiny white new insulator. I drilled two holes in it, one for attaching it to the aluminium holder on the antenna, and the other to attach the wire running down the side of the Butternut. After a few minutes of tightening everything up, it was all ready to go back up in the air!

The new insulator

It did look immediately different with the new insulator, but nevertheless appearance does not matter - it's performance that counts! With everything reassembled, the jubilee clip and screws tightened up, and amalgamating and insulating tape added, I was ready to see if it was working.

Some quick testing in the shack revealed that the SWR was still pretty much as it had been, with no ATU in line. I had resonance on the bottom end of 80m (about 1.3:1 at 3.505), and a decent SWR on 40m, 20m, 15m and 10m. I even had decent resonance on 30m! I tuned up the Acom 1000 and put a bit of power into it on 15m, running it for a while. No sign of any arcing - not yet anyhow. 

Given that this particular Butternut is estimated to be at least 20 years old, and that it was resurrected from a very sad state in someone's back garden a couple of years back, it is performing very well. Latest DX worked since the repair was 5N7M in Nigeria on 80 metres CW!